1、脱脂和预脱脂：
1. Degreasing and pre degreasing:
很多小涂装线只有一道脱脂或者一道二合一脱脂酸洗处理，此种情况下必须要注意二次污染问题。由于只有一道脱脂处理，导致脱脂槽液工作负荷较大，槽液中油污含量也较高，再加上脱脂槽液表面油污没有采用溢流方式处理或没有经常性的人工漂油，必然会经常导致已经脱脂好的工件在出槽时受到槽液表面油污的二次污染，从而使电泳漆膜出现缩孔。如果此油污长期带到下道水洗，并一直带入电泳槽液中，必然导致电泳槽液油污含量不断增加，超过电泳槽液的容忍度后将集中导致电泳漆膜出现整批量的缩孔问题，严重时直接导致电泳槽液报废。因此建议：必须两道脱脂，脱脂经常漂油，脱脂后水洗经常漂油及经常更换。
Many small coating lines only have one degreasing or one two in one degreasing acid washing treatment, in which case it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of secondary pollution. Due to only one degreasing treatment, the working load of the degreasing tank liquid is high, and the oil content in the tank liquid is also high. In addition, the surface oil stains of the degreasing tank liquid are not treated by overflow method or there is no regular manual oil bleaching, which will inevitably lead to secondary contamination of the degreased workpiece by the surface oil stains of the tank liquid when exiting the tank, resulting in shrinkage of the electrophoretic paint film. If this oil stain is carried to the next water wash for a long time and continuously enters the electrophoresis tank liquid, it will inevitably lead to an increase in the oil stain content of the electrophoresis tank liquid. If it exceeds the tolerance of the electrophoresis tank liquid, it will concentrate and cause the entire batch of shrinkage holes in the electrophoresis paint film. In severe cases, it will directly cause the electrophoresis tank liquid to be scrapped. Therefore, it is recommended to perform two degreasing steps. degreasing requires frequent oil bleaching, followed by washing with water and frequent oil bleaching and replacement.
很多小电泳涂装线会采用预脱脂（浸）-脱脂（浸）的模式，也有采用两道喷淋模式的，建议两道脱脂均采用喷浸结合方式。有喷淋压力有利于加速对油污的去除，有浸洗有利于内腔或夹缝除油。
Many small electrophoretic coating lines will adopt a pre degreasing (immersion) - degreasing (immersion) mode, and there are also those that use two spray modes. It is recommended to use a spray immersion combination method for both degreasing processes. Spraying pressure is beneficial for accelerating the removal of oil stains, while immersion is beneficial for removing oil from the inner cavity or crevices.
平时生产时工艺管理上要重点关注脱脂时间、温度、喷淋压力。一般处理时间在3-5分钟左右、温度需要达到55度以上、喷淋压力能达到0.2-0.4MPa左右。同时建议在生产时能够对脱脂槽液进行循环，槽液的循环量要达到2次/小时，循环泵的扬程在30米左右。
During normal production, process management should focus on degreasing time, temperature, and spray pressure. The general processing time is around 3-5 minutes, the temperature needs to reach 55 degrees Celsius or above, and the spray pressure can reach around 0.2-0.4 MPa. At the same time, it is recommended to circulate the degreasing tank liquid during production, with a circulation rate of 2 times/hour and a circulation pump head of about 30 meters.
对脱脂槽液的加温方式，最好是用热水经板式换热器换热，但是很多线直接在槽中盘几圈加热盘管，直接通蒸汽或者烟道气加热。此方式有其弊病：采用蒸汽加热的话，由于蛇形盘管周围局部温度很高，会导致表面活性剂的析出，降低脱脂槽液的除油效果。
The best way to heat up the degreasing tank liquid is to use hot water to exchange heat through a plate heat exchanger, but many lines directly heat the coil in the tank for a few turns, and directly heat it with steam or flue gas. This method has its drawbacks: if steam heating is used, the high local temperature around the serpentine coil can lead to the precipitation of surfactants, reducing the degreasing effect of the degreasing tank liquid.
2、关于酸洗：
2. Regarding pickling:
汽车零部件及各种轻工、家电小件电泳前，往往由于中转原因放置时间较久，如果正逢雨季或者潮湿天气，再加上管理不善，则很容易生锈，这样往往需要进行酸洗除锈。采用酸洗可以，但建议如果采用酸洗的话，也要在线外单独进行酸洗。酸洗在线的弊病：1）酸雾会腐蚀相关设备，对操作人员健康即为不利；2）工件经过酸洗后，一方面由于“氢脆”影响工件的强度，另一方面工件上的残酸会影响到电泳漆膜的耐盐雾性能；3）酸清洗不净，对电泳槽液的稳定性影响也很大，会严重破坏电泳树脂的稳定性，长期累积严重时会导致槽液沉槽以至电泳槽液报废。由于磷化槽液为强酸性，具有一定的处理轻微浮锈的能力，因此个人建议，如果工件表面只是轻微浮锈的话，就不要采用酸洗在线处理了，虽然会增加磷化液的工作压力，但总比工件经过酸洗对工件质量、电泳槽液参数稳定的影响、漆膜质量的影响要弱，利还是大于弊的。
Before electrophoresis, automotive parts and various small parts of light industry and household appliances are often left for a long time due to transit reasons. If it is during the rainy season or humid weather, coupled with poor management, it is easy to rust, which often requires acid washing and rust removal. Pickling can be used, but it is recommended that if pickling is used, it should also be done separately offline. The drawbacks of acid washing online: 1) Acid mist can corrode related equipment, which is detrimental to the health of operators; 2) After acid washing, on the one hand, hydrogen embrittlement affects the strength of the workpiece, and on the other hand, residual acid on the workpiece can affect the salt spray resistance of the electrophoretic paint film; 3) Unclean acid cleaning also has a significant impact on the stability of the electrophoresis tank solution, which can seriously damage the stability of the electrophoresis resin. Long term accumulation can cause the tank solution to sink or even be scrapped. Due to the strong acidity of the phosphating tank solution, it has a certain ability to handle slight floating rust. Therefore, I personally suggest that if the surface of the workpiece is only slightly floating rust, acid washing online treatment should not be used. Although it will increase the working pressure of the phosphating solution, the impact of acid washing on the quality of the workpiece, the stability of the electrophoresis tank solution parameters, and the quality of the paint film is generally weaker, and the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
如果在电泳涂装线上实在需要采用酸洗，则建议酸洗后至少2道以上水洗，并对酸洗后水洗进行及时更换，建议必须一班一次。
If it is necessary to use acid washing on the electrophoretic coating line, it is recommended to wash at least 2 times after acid washing, and replace the washed water in a timely manner. It is recommended to do so once a shift.
3、各道水洗的更换：
3. Replacement of each washing process:
建议对各道水洗要经常更换。经常更换的好处如下：
It is recommended to replace each washing frequently. The benefits of frequent replacement are as follows:
1）脱脂后水洗水的经常更换，会尽可能减少油污带入下道工序，尤其是减少带入电泳槽液中，进而导致出现缩孔问题；
1) Frequent replacement of washing water after defatting will minimize the introduction of oil stains into the next process, especially in reducing the risk of shrinkage in the electrophoresis tank solution;
2）电泳后水洗水的经常更换，会减少干漆迹和二次流痕的出现。更换频次建议每班一次（一班满负荷生产时）。个人建议在电泳下线时采用新鲜纯水洗喷淋水洗（或高压水枪喷淋纯水洗），会对电泳漆膜外观有很好的益处。
2) Frequent replacement of washing water after electrophoresis can reduce the occurrence of dry paint marks and secondary flow marks. Suggested frequency of replacement is once per shift (when one shift is at full capacity). My personal suggestion is to use fresh pure water spray washing (or high-pressure water gun spray pure water washing) when electrophoresis is taken offline, which will have good benefits for the appearance of the electrophoresis paint film.
3）各道水洗槽建议开溢流槽或溢流孔，以方便表面脏污（浮油、灰等）流出。
3) It is recommended to open overflow channels or holes for each water washing tank to facilitate the flow of surface dirt (floating oil, ash, etc.).
4、关于预处理：
4. Regarding preprocessing:
建议工件上线前做预处理，包括打磨浮锈、预擦洗除油等，做到工件表面没有明显浮锈、重锈、无明显油污。特别是脱脂槽没有循环或者循环不良、升温不好的线，一定要加强预擦洗，只有这样才能达到良好的脱脂效果。有效的预处理也可以缩短脱脂时间、延长脱脂槽液使用寿命、保证脱脂效果。
It is recommended to perform pre-treatment before the workpiece is put online, including polishing floating rust, pre scrubbing and oil removal, etc., to ensure that the surface of the workpiece is free of obvious floating rust, heavy rust, and obvious oil stains. Especially for degreasing tanks with no circulation or poor circulation or poor heating, it is necessary to strengthen pre cleaning in order to achieve good degreasing results. Effective pretreatment can also shorten the degreasing time, extend the service life of the degreasing tank solution, and ensure the degreasing effect.
5、污水排污槽。
5. Sewage discharge tank.
很多小涂装线，在设备安装时，会忘记在每个槽体周围安装排污水槽，这样会直接导致无法排污水的问题。同时建议在电泳下线时，留出一个排污水槽工位，其目的一是方便下线的电泳工件晾干水分，一个是可以在此工位做手工喷淋清洗，改善漆膜外观。
Many small painting lines forget to install sewage tanks around each tank during equipment installation, which directly leads to the problem of being unable to discharge sewage. At the same time, it is recommended to leave a sewage tank station when electrophoresis is offline. The purpose is to facilitate the drying of water on the electrophoresis workpiece, and to perform manual spray cleaning at this station to improve the appearance of the paint film.
6、磷化：
6. Phosphatization:
磷化槽液为强酸性，因此磷化槽体必须加防腐衬里，对处理方式建议尽可能采用喷浸结合式，不建议只采用喷淋方式，可只采用浸渍处理。喷淋方式处理的话，由于喷淋挥发较大，对磷化槽液的参数控制要求较高。建议磷化槽内设循环系统，循环泵采用不锈钢或者塑料材质，循环量2次/小时，扬程30米左右，实在不行也可以考虑用压缩空气塑料管深入槽液中进行手工搅拌。很多小电泳涂装线一般没有磷化除渣装置，除渣时采用静置一段时间后用潜水泵倒槽来除渣，建议可以考虑增加一个高位槽沉降除渣或建双磷化槽。磷化的加温方式同脱脂，不建议直接用蒸汽或者烟道气对槽液进行加热，会导致磷化组分的析出产生额外的沉渣，影响槽液参数的稳定性。
The phosphating tank liquid is strongly acidic, so the phosphating tank body must be lined with anti-corrosion lining. It is recommended to use a spray immersion combination method as much as possible for treatment. It is not recommended to only use spray method, but can only use immersion treatment. If the spraying method is used for treatment, due to the high volatility of the spraying, the parameter control requirements for the phosphating tank liquid are relatively high. It is recommended to install a circulation system inside the phosphating tank. The circulation pump should be made of stainless steel or plastic material, with a circulation rate of 2 times/hour and a lift of about 30 meters. If this is not possible, compressed air plastic pipes can be considered to be used for manual stirring deep into the tank liquid. Many small electrophoretic coating lines generally do not have a phosphating slag removal device. When removing slag, it is recommended to let it stand for a period of time and then use a submersible pump to invert the tank. It is recommended to consider adding a high-level tank for settling slag removal or building a double phosphating tank. The heating method for phosphating is the same as degreasing. It is not recommended to directly heat the tank liquid with steam or flue gas, as it may cause the precipitation of phosphating components and produce additional sediment, affecting the stability of tank liquid parameters.
东方羽航清洗维修为您整理关于本文的清洗维修热搜话题
●电泳涂装生产线的主要工艺
●涂装电泳工艺流程
●电泳涂装工艺过程?
●电泳涂装设备及涂装方法
●电泳涂装的工序有哪些
●电泳涂装工艺流程图
●电泳涂装流程
●涂装电泳工艺流程
●电泳涂装实用技术
●电泳涂装生产线视频
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专业人员一对一解答
1、脱脂和预脱脂：
1. Degreasing and pre degreasing:
很多小涂装线只有一道脱脂或者一道二合一脱脂酸洗处理，此种情况下必须要注意二次污染问题。由于只有一道脱脂处理，导致脱脂槽液工作负荷较大，槽液中油污含量也较高，再加上脱脂槽液表面油污没有采用溢流方式处理或没有经常性的人工漂油，必然会经常导致已经脱脂好的工件在出槽时受到槽液表面油污的二次污染，从而使电泳漆膜出现缩孔。如果此油污长期带到下道水洗，并一直带入电泳槽液中，必然导致电泳槽液油污含量不断增加，超过电泳槽液的容忍度后将集中导致电泳漆膜出现整批量的缩孔问题，严重时直接导致电泳槽液报废。因此建议：必须两道脱脂，脱脂经常漂油，脱脂后水洗经常漂油及经常更换。
Many small coating lines only have one degreasing or one two in one degreasing acid washing treatment, in which case it is necessary to pay attention to the issue of secondary pollution. Due to only one degreasing treatment, the working load of the degreasing tank liquid is high, and the oil content in the tank liquid is also high. In addition, the surface oil stains of the degreasing tank liquid are not treated by overflow method or there is no regular manual oil bleaching, which will inevitably lead to secondary contamination of the degreased workpiece by the surface oil stains of the tank liquid when exiting the tank, resulting in shrinkage of the electrophoretic paint film. If this oil stain is carried to the next water wash for a long time and continuously enters the electrophoresis tank liquid, it will inevitably lead to an increase in the oil stain content of the electrophoresis tank liquid. If it exceeds the tolerance of the electrophoresis tank liquid, it will concentrate and cause the entire batch of shrinkage holes in the electrophoresis paint film. In severe cases, it will directly cause the electrophoresis tank liquid to be scrapped. Therefore, it is recommended to perform two degreasing steps. degreasing requires frequent oil bleaching, followed by washing with water and frequent oil bleaching and replacement.
很多小电泳涂装线会采用预脱脂（浸）-脱脂（浸）的模式，也有采用两道喷淋模式的，建议两道脱脂均采用喷浸结合方式。有喷淋压力有利于加速对油污的去除，有浸洗有利于内腔或夹缝除油。
Many small electrophoretic coating lines will adopt a pre degreasing (immersion) - degreasing (immersion) mode, and there are also those that use two spray modes. It is recommended to use a spray immersion combination method for both degreasing processes. Spraying pressure is beneficial for accelerating the removal of oil stains, while immersion is beneficial for removing oil from the inner cavity or crevices.
平时生产时工艺管理上要重点关注脱脂时间、温度、喷淋压力。一般处理时间在3-5分钟左右、温度需要达到55度以上、喷淋压力能达到0.2-0.4MPa左右。同时建议在生产时能够对脱脂槽液进行循环，槽液的循环量要达到2次/小时，循环泵的扬程在30米左右。
During normal production, process management should focus on degreasing time, temperature, and spray pressure. The general processing time is around 3-5 minutes, the temperature needs to reach 55 degrees Celsius or above, and the spray pressure can reach around 0.2-0.4 MPa. At the same time, it is recommended to circulate the degreasing tank liquid during production, with a circulation rate of 2 times/hour and a circulation pump head of about 30 meters.
对脱脂槽液的加温方式，最好是用热水经板式换热器换热，但是很多线直接在槽中盘几圈加热盘管，直接通蒸汽或者烟道气加热。此方式有其弊病：采用蒸汽加热的话，由于蛇形盘管周围局部温度很高，会导致表面活性剂的析出，降低脱脂槽液的除油效果。
The best way to heat up the degreasing tank liquid is to use hot water to exchange heat through a plate heat exchanger, but many lines directly heat the coil in the tank for a few turns, and directly heat it with steam or flue gas. This method has its drawbacks: if steam heating is used, the high local temperature around the serpentine coil can lead to the precipitation of surfactants, reducing the degreasing effect of the degreasing tank liquid.
2、关于酸洗：
2. Regarding pickling:
汽车零部件及各种轻工、家电小件电泳前，往往由于中转原因放置时间较久，如果正逢雨季或者潮湿天气，再加上管理不善，则很容易生锈，这样往往需要进行酸洗除锈。采用酸洗可以，但建议如果采用酸洗的话，也要在线外单独进行酸洗。酸洗在线的弊病：1）酸雾会腐蚀相关设备，对操作人员健康即为不利；2）工件经过酸洗后，一方面由于“氢脆”影响工件的强度，另一方面工件上的残酸会影响到电泳漆膜的耐盐雾性能；3）酸清洗不净，对电泳槽液的稳定性影响也很大，会严重破坏电泳树脂的稳定性，长期累积严重时会导致槽液沉槽以至电泳槽液报废。由于磷化槽液为强酸性，具有一定的处理轻微浮锈的能力，因此个人建议，如果工件表面只是轻微浮锈的话，就不要采用酸洗在线处理了，虽然会增加磷化液的工作压力，但总比工件经过酸洗对工件质量、电泳槽液参数稳定的影响、漆膜质量的影响要弱，利还是大于弊的。
Before electrophoresis, automotive parts and various small parts of light industry and household appliances are often left for a long time due to transit reasons. If it is during the rainy season or humid weather, coupled with poor management, it is easy to rust, which often requires acid washing and rust removal. Pickling can be used, but it is recommended that if pickling is used, it should also be done separately offline. The drawbacks of acid washing online: 1) Acid mist can corrode related equipment, which is detrimental to the health of operators; 2) After acid washing, on the one hand, hydrogen embrittlement affects the strength of the workpiece, and on the other hand, residual acid on the workpiece can affect the salt spray resistance of the electrophoretic paint film; 3) Unclean acid cleaning also has a significant impact on the stability of the electrophoresis tank solution, which can seriously damage the stability of the electrophoresis resin. Long term accumulation can cause the tank solution to sink or even be scrapped. Due to the strong acidity of the phosphating tank solution, it has a certain ability to handle slight floating rust. Therefore, I personally suggest that if the surface of the workpiece is only slightly floating rust, acid washing online treatment should not be used. Although it will increase the working pressure of the phosphating solution, the impact of acid washing on the quality of the workpiece, the stability of the electrophoresis tank solution parameters, and the quality of the paint film is generally weaker, and the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
如果在电泳涂装线上实在需要采用酸洗，则建议酸洗后至少2道以上水洗，并对酸洗后水洗进行及时更换，建议必须一班一次。
If it is necessary to use acid washing on the electrophoretic coating line, it is recommended to wash at least 2 times after acid washing, and replace the washed water in a timely manner. It is recommended to do so once a shift.
3、各道水洗的更换：
3. Replacement of each washing process:
建议对各道水洗要经常更换。经常更换的好处如下：
It is recommended to replace each washing frequently. The benefits of frequent replacement are as follows:
1）脱脂后水洗水的经常更换，会尽可能减少油污带入下道工序，尤其是减少带入电泳槽液中，进而导致出现缩孔问题；
1) Frequent replacement of washing water after defatting will minimize the introduction of oil stains into the next process, especially in reducing the risk of shrinkage in the electrophoresis tank solution;
2）电泳后水洗水的经常更换，会减少干漆迹和二次流痕的出现。更换频次建议每班一次（一班满负荷生产时）。个人建议在电泳下线时采用新鲜纯水洗喷淋水洗（或高压水枪喷淋纯水洗），会对电泳漆膜外观有很好的益处。
2) Frequent replacement of washing water after electrophoresis can reduce the occurrence of dry paint marks and secondary flow marks. Suggested frequency of replacement is once per shift (when one shift is at full capacity). My personal suggestion is to use fresh pure water spray washing (or high-pressure water gun spray pure water washing) when electrophoresis is taken offline, which will have good benefits for the appearance of the electrophoresis paint film.
3）各道水洗槽建议开溢流槽或溢流孔，以方便表面脏污（浮油、灰等）流出。
3) It is recommended to open overflow channels or holes for each water washing tank to facilitate the flow of surface dirt (floating oil, ash, etc.).
4、关于预处理：
4. Regarding preprocessing:
建议工件上线前做预处理，包括打磨浮锈、预擦洗除油等，做到工件表面没有明显浮锈、重锈、无明显油污。特别是脱脂槽没有循环或者循环不良、升温不好的线，一定要加强预擦洗，只有这样才能达到良好的脱脂效果。有效的预处理也可以缩短脱脂时间、延长脱脂槽液使用寿命、保证脱脂效果。
It is recommended to perform pre-treatment before the workpiece is put online, including polishing floating rust, pre scrubbing and oil removal, etc., to ensure that the surface of the workpiece is free of obvious floating rust, heavy rust, and obvious oil stains. Especially for degreasing tanks with no circulation or poor circulation or poor heating, it is necessary to strengthen pre cleaning in order to achieve good degreasing results. Effective pretreatment can also shorten the degreasing time, extend the service life of the degreasing tank solution, and ensure the degreasing effect.
5、污水排污槽。
5. Sewage discharge tank.
很多小涂装线，在设备安装时，会忘记在每个槽体周围安装排污水槽，这样会直接导致无法排污水的问题。同时建议在电泳下线时，留出一个排污水槽工位，其目的一是方便下线的电泳工件晾干水分，一个是可以在此工位做手工喷淋清洗，改善漆膜外观。
Many small painting lines forget to install sewage tanks around each tank during equipment installation, which directly leads to the problem of being unable to discharge sewage. At the same time, it is recommended to leave a sewage tank station when electrophoresis is offline. The purpose is to facilitate the drying of water on the electrophoresis workpiece, and to perform manual spray cleaning at this station to improve the appearance of the paint film.
6、磷化：
6. Phosphatization:
磷化槽液为强酸性，因此磷化槽体必须加防腐衬里，对处理方式建议尽可能采用喷浸结合式，不建议只采用喷淋方式，可只采用浸渍处理。喷淋方式处理的话，由于喷淋挥发较大，对磷化槽液的参数控制要求较高。建议磷化槽内设循环系统，循环泵采用不锈钢或者塑料材质，循环量2次/小时，扬程30米左右，实在不行也可以考虑用压缩空气塑料管深入槽液中进行手工搅拌。很多小电泳涂装线一般没有磷化除渣装置，除渣时采用静置一段时间后用潜水泵倒槽来除渣，建议可以考虑增加一个高位槽沉降除渣或建双磷化槽。磷化的加温方式同脱脂，不建议直接用蒸汽或者烟道气对槽液进行加热，会导致磷化组分的析出产生额外的沉渣，影响槽液参数的稳定性。
The phosphating tank liquid is strongly acidic, so the phosphating tank body must be lined with anti-corrosion lining. It is recommended to use a spray immersion combination method as much as possible for treatment. It is not recommended to only use spray method, but can only use immersion treatment. If the spraying method is used for treatment, due to the high volatility of the spraying, the parameter control requirements for the phosphating tank liquid are relatively high. It is recommended to install a circulation system inside the phosphating tank. The circulation pump should be made of stainless steel or plastic material, with a circulation rate of 2 times/hour and a lift of about 30 meters. If this is not possible, compressed air plastic pipes can be considered to be used for manual stirring deep into the tank liquid. Many small electrophoretic coating lines generally do not have a phosphating slag removal device. When removing slag, it is recommended to let it stand for a period of time and then use a submersible pump to invert the tank. It is recommended to consider adding a high-level tank for settling slag removal or building a double phosphating tank. The heating method for phosphating is the same as degreasing. It is not recommended to directly heat the tank liquid with steam or flue gas, as it may cause the precipitation of phosphating components and produce additional sediment, affecting the stability of tank liquid parameters.
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